Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle: A Look at 26 Bones
Doctor SpotlightApr 11, 2024
Medical disclaimer: This article is for general educational purposes and is not a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If you have symptoms or concerns, seek care from a qualified clinician.
Overview
The human foot and ankle are fascinating structures that help us walk, run, jump, and more. There are 26 bones in each foot and ankle (52 total for both feet). Each bone plays a vital role in providing stability, flexibility, and support. This guide explains the anatomy of these bones, their functions, and the importance of proper care.
Parts of the Foot and Ankle
The foot and ankle can be divided into three main parts: the ankle (tarsus), the midfoot (metatarsus), and the toes (phalanges). Each part has specific bones that work together.
Ankle (Tarsus): Seven Bones
- Talus: This bone sits at the top of the ankle and connects the foot to the leg bones (tibia and fibula); it's often called the ankle bone.
- Calcaneus: This is the heel bone and the largest bone in the foot.
- Navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones (medial, intermediate, lateral): These bones form the arch of the foot and allow side-to-side movement.
Midfoot (Metatarsus): Five Metatarsals
- There are five long metatarsal bones connecting the ankle to the toes.
- These bones help support body weight and create a stable base for walking and running.
Toes (Phalanges): Fourteen Bones
- The great toe (hallux) has two phalanges (proximal and distal).
- Each of the other four toes has three phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal).
- The phalanges help with balance, weight-bearing, and pushing off the ground when we move.
Function, Movement, and Injury Risk
The 26 bones, along with joints, ligaments, and muscles, allow the foot and ankle to adapt to surfaces, absorb shock, and perform various movements. However, their complexity also makes them prone to injuries and conditions like fractures, sprains, and arthritis.
When to Seek Medical Care
- Seek urgent care now if you cannot bear weight, have severe swelling or deformity, have an open wound, or your foot/toes are numb, cold, or changing color.
- Call 911 for severe injury with uncontrolled bleeding, a suspected open fracture, or if you feel faint or unwell after trauma.
- Schedule an evaluation if pain lasts more than a few days, keeps returning, or interferes with work, sports, or sleep.
See a Specialist
If you experience foot or ankle pain or discomfort, it's essential to see an experienced orthopaedic surgeon. Dr. Paul B. Maloof at Tidewater Orthopaedics specializes in foot and ankle care. He can provide accurate diagnoses and personalized treatment plans to help you achieve good foot and ankle health.
Appointments and Locations
We have offices in Hampton, Williamsburg, and Suffolk. Click here to schedule an appointment or call us at (757) 827-2480.
Q&A
How many bones are in the human foot and ankle, and how are they grouped?
- Each foot and ankle has 26 bones (52 total for both feet), divided into three parts: the ankle (tarsus), midfoot (metatarsus), and toes (phalanges).
What bones make up the ankle (tarsus), and what do they do?
- The ankle has seven bones: talus (the connection to the leg), calcaneus (the heel bone and largest in the foot), navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones. Together, they support the foot's arch and allow for side-to-side movement.
What do the metatarsals and phalanges do?
- The five metatarsals connect the ankle to the toes and help distribute body weight while walking and running. The 14 phalanges make up the toes: the great toe has two phalanges, and the other toes have three each. They help with balance and movement.
Why are foot and ankle structures prone to injury?
- Their complex arrangement of bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles allows for various movements but also makes them more likely to get injured, such as fractures, sprains, and arthritis.
When should I see a specialist, and who can I consult?
- If you have foot or ankle pain, see a skilled orthopaedic surgeon. At Tidewater Orthopaedics, Dr. Paul Maloof specializes in foot and ankle care. Appointments are available in Hampton, Williamsburg, and North Suffolk. Click here to schedule online or call (757) 827-2480.
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